Why is it difficult to recycle power lithium batteries? "Blue Ocean"
Появление электромобилей привело к появлению еще одного-сто-миллиардного-рынка - литий-ионных-аккумуляторов.
According to data from MarketsandMarkets, the world's second largest market research and consulting company, the global power lithium-ion battery recycling industry is expected to reach US12.2 billion in 2025 and US18.1 billion by 2030. my country is one of the largest power lithium-ion battery recycling markets.
Согласно анализу China Merchants Securities Research Report, начиная с 2021 года в моей стране наступит пиковый период вывода из эксплуатации первой партии мощных литий-ионных аккумуляторов.
По мере того, как волна вывода из эксплуатации мощных литий-ионных батарей приближается по графику, судьба мощных литий-ионных батарей после вывода из эксплуатации становится проблемой, которую нельзя игнорировать. Количество выведенных из эксплуатации мощных литий-ионных аккумуляторов очень велико, и неправильное обращение с ними нанесет серьезный ущерб окружающей среде.
At present, there are two important recycling methods for retired power lithium-ion batteries. One is to carry out "echelon utilization" of retired power lithium-ion batteries that meet the degree of energy attenuation. Base station backup power or electric bicycles and other fields; the second is to recycle and "recycle" the batteries that cannot be used for "echelon utilization". "Recycling" is mainly to disassemble the battery to extract and recover the precious metal raw materials, such as cobalt and nickel. , manganese, etc.
The ideal mode for the recycling and reuse of power lithium-ion batteries is to "echelon utilization" and then "recycling", but the current method of dismantling and recycling power lithium-ion batteries is still the main method of disposal. There is also a battle between the "regular army" and "small workshop" in the battery recycling arena behind this.
Since 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has announced that 26 companies have entered the "white list" that meets the "standard conditions for the comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries for new energy vehicles". Companies that enter the "white list" are considered "regular".
Data in 2018 showed that the total amount of power lithium-ion batteries retired that year reached 74,000 tons, but the first five "whitelist" companies in the country only recycled about 5,000 tons of power lithium-ion batteries in total, and the remaining 6 More than 10,000 tons of power lithium-ion batteries are "unaccounted for".
Judging from the "white list" companies of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the majority of "echelon utilization" companies are. Due to the high cost and technical threshold, "small workshops" generally do not "echelon utilization" of recycled batteries.
The "regular army" has a lot of investment in technology and environmental protection, while the "small workshop" has almost zero investment in this regard, and can buy batteries at a higher price. The reality is that the "regular army" cannot compete with "small workshops" - a large number of retired power lithium-ion batteries flow into informal channels such as small workshops, bringing security and environmental risks.
Чтобы создать надежный канал утилизации, Министерство промышленности и информационных технологий также объявило в 2018 году о Временных мерах по управлению переработкой и утилизацией аккумуляторных батарей для транспортных средств, использующих новые источники энергии, в которых разъяснялось, что автомобильные компании должны создавать каналы утилизации аккумуляторных батарей. нести ответственность за переработку транспортных средств, использующих новую энергию, и ненужной энергии, которая появляется после их утилизации. В то же время производители литий-ионных -аккумуляторов должны оказывать поддержку в разработке, производстве и переработке аккумуляторов.
But for some car companies and battery manufacturers, recycling batteries is also a burden. Under the high labor cost and technical cost, some companies with a small recycling volume are "discounted" for recycling, and car companies rely more on "conscience" to recycle batteries.
In July 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission and other ministries and commissions jointly announced the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the "14th Five-Year" Circular Economy Development Plan", proposing to strengthen the construction of the new energy vehicle power lithium-ion battery traceability management platform and improve the new energy vehicle power lithium-ion battery recycling Use a traceability management system.
In August 2021, five departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Administrative Measures for the Echelon Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", encouraging upstream and downstream companies in the industry to strengthen information sharing, and requiring companies to conduct power lithium-ion batteries according to given standards and actual data. Detect, evaluate residual value, and improve product performance, reliability and economy.
In any case, with the rapid development of new energy electric vehicles, the power lithium-ion battery recycling industry has become a "conspicuous science" at present, and a "blue ocean" is placed in front of the company.
The power lithium-ion battery recycling industry has a wide coverage and a long industrial chain, ranging from battery manufacturers to end-use companies, involving many. To effectively develop this "blue ocean", upstream and downstream companies need to work together. This should be led by automobile manufacturing companies, power lithium-ion battery manufacturers, recycling companies, industry associations, etc. to establish an industrial chain linkage mechanism for the new energy vehicle industry.v
